genesis

{
  "config": {
        "chainId": 10,
        "homesteadBlock": 0,
        "eip155Block": 0,
        "eip158Block": 0
    },

  "coinbase"   : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "difficulty" : "0x400",
  "extraData"  : "0x00",
  "gasLimit"   : "0x2fefd8",
  "nonce"      : "0xdeadbeefdeadbeef",
  "mixhash"    : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "parentHash" : "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "timestamp"  : "0x00",
  "alloc"      : {}
}

header 1	header 2
mixhash	与nonce配合用于挖矿，由上一个区块的一部分生成的hash。注意他和nonce的设置需要满足以太坊的Yellow paper, 4.3.4. Block Header Validity, (44)章节所描述的条件。
nonce	nonce就是一个64位随机数，用于挖矿，注意他和mixhash的设置需要满足以太坊的Yellow paper, 4.3.4. Block Header Validity, (44)章节所描述的条件。
difficulty	设置当前区块的难度，如果难度过大，cpu挖矿就很难，这里设置较小难度
alloc	用来预置账号以及账号的以太币数量，因为私有链挖矿比较容易，所以我们不需要预置有币的账号，需要的时候自己创建即可以。
coinbase	矿工的账号，随便填
timestamp	设置创世块的时间戳
parentHash	上一个区块的hash值，因为是创世块，所以这个值是0
extraData	附加信息，随便填，可以填你的个性信息
gasLimit	该值设置对GAS的消耗总量限制，用来限制区块能包含的交易信息总和，因为我们是私有链，所以填最大。

geth –datadir data0 init genesis.json //#init ``` root@iZ2zeb5n81znirjwr3s29iZ:/home/privatechain# geth –datadir data0 init genesis.json INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Maximum peer count ETH=25 LES=0 total=25 INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/privatechain/data0/geth/chaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Writing custom genesis block INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=2.87µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Successfully wrote genesis state database=chaindata hash=b240e0…e37e4e INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Allocated cache and file handles database=/home/privatechain/data0/geth/lightchaindata cache=16 handles=16 INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Writing custom genesis block INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Persisted trie from memory database nodes=0 size=0.00B time=1.962µs gcnodes=0 gcsize=0.00B gctime=0s livenodes=1 livesize=0.00B INFO [04-15|11:00:21] Successfully wrote genesis state database=lightchaindata hash=b240e0…e37e4e

3. 启动私链

networkid 和 genesis中的chainId一致
console 参数直接进入geth命令行

root@iZ2zeb5n81znirjwr3s29iZ:/home/privatechain# geth –datadir data0 –networkid 10 console



4. 私钥

eth.accounts personal.newAccount()

创建账户后，在home/privatechain/data0/keystore 目录会产生私钥，文件名类似这样UTC--2018-04-23T07-29-12.122743864Z--d75372568204bbd5c77a46c1da9f0d41268dfaef
。vi查看,私钥json格式如下：

{ “address”: “d75372568204bbd5c77a46c1da9f0d41268dfaef”, “crypto”: { “cipher”: “aes-128-ctr”, “ciphertext”: “fe8a952c99e80ff951e39424071bb7f12c018c8ffcf749999fe350144595ef1f”, “cipherparams”: { “iv”: “8d48a97fa7b2b6cac1f90b75244f3355” }, “kdf”: “scrypt”, “kdfparams”: { “dklen”: 32, “n”: 262144, “p”: 1, “r”: 8, “salt”: “ce650bba50b450773cfaed02d3f25c127a8ac4d914844df09e71c841a7031a0d” }, “mac”: “04cdde0fbb8c86011df64af9e0a4b19dd906e3eb59ba04c278b3fe4280f01c3e” }, “id”: “d7b9822d-1e0e-4e1c-84e3-a3dda56225da”, “version”: 3 }

eth.accounts miner.start() miner.stop()

eth.blockNumber 54

eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 270000000000000000000 //270个以太币

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0]) Unlock account 0xd75372568204bbd5c77a46c1da9f0d41268dfaef Passphrase: //huangl true

eth.sendTransaction({from:’0xd75372568204bbd5c77a46c1da9f0d41268dfaef’,to:’0x4f9d4d9aaa7f8f7f407084b6216e3a236f2166a4’}) INFO [04-25|11:25:11] Submitted transaction fullhash=0x6989d7591653b83b441be05f18e57b6505d0ab6bc859c7f794ad9644c66d6c2e recipient=0x4F9d4D9aaA7f8F7F407084B6216e3a236f2166a4 “0x6989d7591653b83b441be05f18e57b6505d0ab6bc859c7f794ad9644c66d6c2e”

//矿池里未打包交易

txpool.status { pending: 1, queued: 0 }

miner.start() INFO [04-25|11:28:59] Updated mining threads threads=0 INFO [04-25|11:28:59] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=18000000000 null INFO [04-25|11:28:59] Starting mining operation INFO [04-25|11:28:59] Commit new mining work number=55 txs=1 uncles=0 elapsed=342.885µs INFO [04-25|11:29:00] Successfully sealed new block number=55 hash=0df732…5ee045 INFO [04-25|11:29:00] 🔗 block reached canonical chain number=50 hash=0e93be…0fa261 INFO [04-25|11:29:00] 🔨 mined potential block number=55 hash=0df732…5ee045 INFO [04-25|11:29:00] Commit new mining work number=56 txs=0 uncles=0 elapsed=225.896µs INFO [04-25|11:29:04] Successfully sealed new block number=56 hash=95257e…d09b21 INFO [04-25|11:29:04] 🔗 block reached canonical chain number=51 hash=49d87b…ef8801 INFO [04-25|11:29:04] 🔨 mined potential block number=56 hash=95257e…d09b21

miner.stop()

eth.getBlock(55) { difficulty: 131072, extraData: “0xd783010802846765746887676f312e392e34856c696e7578”, gasLimit: 3314771, gasUsed: 21000, hash: “0x0df73232b798698ba60fb7ef8dca3bd0b27dd6295bca3ef30c8fc508e15ee045”, logsBloom: “0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000”, miner: “0xd75372568204bbd5c77a46c1da9f0d41268dfaef”, mixHash: “0x72d60bb589a0f1c3f52e5eba3cf0e6b22e3a72e9a9cf571f048fdd5ee34a3d76”, nonce: “0x4dd1dcaf80269bc7”, number: 55, parentHash: “0x9810d51909e8938ba6683423ca5813da4d698b8c9a8c2205e6b297f3dbccd488”, receiptsRoot: “0x9fa8fefc94a8689a93c195201d18c89d99b9dfb9a737b3fdfbac988aa554bdb6”, sha3Uncles: “0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347”, size: 641, stateRoot: “0x7972dfa3aee60820baaa5911b5af8a807b64fa25da3927aa350db41162fbdee8”, timestamp: 1524626939, totalDifficulty: 7297346, transactions: [“0x6989d7591653b83b441be05f18e57b6505d0ab6bc859c7f794ad9644c66d6c2e”], transactionsRoot: “0x061ff7d57ba9a5c00215a740a9442108f86f137028833eb6059f31a67dc7fb4c”, uncles: [] }

eth.getTransaction(‘0x6989d7591653b83b441be05f18e57b6505d0ab6bc859c7f794ad9644c66d6c2e’) { blockHash: “0x0df73232b798698ba60fb7ef8dca3bd0b27dd6295bca3ef30c8fc508e15ee045”, blockNumber: 55, from: “0xd75372568204bbd5c77a46c1da9f0d41268dfaef”, gas: 90000, gasPrice: 18000000000, hash: “0x6989d7591653b83b441be05f18e57b6505d0ab6bc859c7f794ad9644c66d6c2e”, input: “0x”, nonce: 0, r: “0x799726830061e1a30bd783221b83dbf7865aec641c59c9b19b0bc4065186d6b8”, s: “0x10d4b29d8482bb28ff755c5bd8452e303d09813752bd191d33a534275e549581”, to: “0x4f9d4d9aaa7f8f7f407084b6216e3a236f2166a4”, transactionIndex: 0, v: “0x38”, value: 0 }

//完整transaction，value单位是最小单位

eth.sendTransaction({from:’0xd75372568204bbd5c77a46c1da9f0d41268dfaef’,to:’0x4f9d4d9aaa7f8f7f407084b6216e3a236f2166a4’,gas:31000, ‘gasPrice’: web3.toWei(300, ‘gwei’), “value”: “1”})

eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1]) 1 eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]) 304999999999999999999 eth.blockNumber 61

//查看旷工有多少币

eth.getBlock(61).miner “0xd75372568204bbd5c77a46c1da9f0d41268dfaef” eth.getBalance(eth.getBlock(61).miner) 0

//查看区块同步情况

eth.syncing false

出现如下问题
Ethereum private chain resets back to block 0 when restarted
geth版本从1.8.2退回到1.7.3

apt-get autoremove 删除为了满足依赖而安装的，但现在不再需要的软件包（包括已安装包），保留配置文件。

apt-get remove 删除已安装的软件包（保留配置文件），不会删除依赖软件包，且保留配置文件。


geth1.7.2版本安装

git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git cd go-ethereum git checkout v1.7.2 make geth make all


make geth需要go1.7版本以上，系统apt安装最新仅为1.6版本

#cd /etc #vi profile 在文件末尾加入

export GOROOT=/usr/local/go export GOPATH=/home/como/gosrc export GOBIN=$GOROOT/bin export GETHBIN=/home/privatechain/go-ethereum/build/bin export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GETHBIN

source profile

echo $PATH

删除usr/bin下的go文件（1.6版本）

geth make 后，也要把bin目录加到path中

```

Commando

Ethereum_6_带创世区块的私链

source profile

echo $PATH

删除usr/bin下的go文件（1.6版本）

geth make 后，也要把bin目录加到path中

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